Veterinary Guide to Dog Joint Health: Evidence-Based Arthritis Tips
Arthritis affects approximately 20% of dogs over one year of age, with prevalence increasing significantly in older and larger breeds. Recognising and addressing it early can dramatically improve outcomes.
Canine osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic conditions affecting dogs, particularly as they age. Fortunately, the way we approach arthritis management for dogs has evolved significantly. Today, it involves a well-rounded plan that may include movement, wholefood nutrition, targeted supplements, appropriate pharmaceutical medications, and hands-on physical therapies.
Can weight and exercise help dogs with arthritis?
Excess weight is the most modifiable risk factor when it comes to managing arthritis. Every additional kilogram places mechanical stress on joints, accelerating cartilage degradation. A well-known study published in the Veterinary Research Communications showed that dogs who lost just 6% of their body weight experienced measurable improvements in mobility and comfort (Marshall et al., 2010).
Movement is equally important. Regular, low-impact exercise like leash walking, swimming, and incline walking helps maintain joint lubrication, prevent muscle loss, and support mobility. Think of it as canine physiotherapy, consistent, tailored movement forms the foundation of arthritis care.
Can diet and nutrition help dogs with joint pain?
Inflammation is the driving force behind canine osteoarthritis, and diet plays a central role in either fueling or fighting it. Diets built on whole foods and low in ultra-processed ingredients help reduce systemic inflammation. Key nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and natural anti-inflammatory compounds support joint and immune health.
It’s also important to consider the role of oral health. Periodontal disease is a common but often overlooked source of chronic inflammation. Ongoing gingival infection can elevate systemic inflammatory markers, which may exacerbate conditions like canine osteoarthritis.
Evidence-Based Supplementation for Dog with Arthritis
The supplement market can be overwhelming, but only a select few ingredients have a robust evidence base when it comes to canine joint health:
- Green-Lipped Mussel (GLM): A 2024 randomised controlled trial found that dogs supplemented with GLM and krill oil (Antinol® Rapid) had pain and mobility improvements comparable to dogs receiving meloxicam, without the same side effect profile (Kampa et al., 2024).
- Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA): PEA is an endogenously produced fatty acid amide with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. A 2023 study showed a combination of PEA and plant isoflavones provided significant pain relief in dogs with chronic musculoskeletal pain (Lang-Illievich, K. et al., 2023).
- Curcumin: Derived from turmeric, curcumin has well-documented anti-inflammatory properties. Many pet owners are interested in incorporating turmeric into their dogs’ diets as a natural anti-inflammatory, and there is promising evidence to support this (Barbeau-Grégoire, M. et al, 2022). While bioavailability is a consideration, particularly with standard turmeric powders, absorption can be enhanced with the right formulation, such as a home-prepared turmeric paste.
DIY Golden Paste for Dogs
Other supplements on the market include MSM, boswellia, collagen, hyaluronic acid, eggshell membrane, CBD oil, and deer velvet. While some of these have emerging or anecdotal support, GLM, PEA and curcumin currently offer the most consistent evidence from peer-reviewed studies.
Can Movement and Exercise Help Dogs with Joint Pain? A Growing Field in Veterinary Medicine
In human medicine, physical rehabilitation is a cornerstone of arthritis care, and the same is true for pets. Maintaining muscle mass and mobility helps reduce pain and supports joint stability.
Veterinarians trained in Animal Biomechanical Medicine (ABM), as well as rehab therapists, can offer a wide range of non-invasive treatments including acupuncture, laser therapy, manual therapy, and structured exercise programs. Hydrotherapy, particularly underwater treadmill use, is highly beneficial for dogs with moderate to severe canine osteoarthritis as it allows safe, resistance-based exercise without overloading joints.
How do you know when it’s time to consider medication for your arthritic dog?
For many dogs, supplements and lifestyle changes may not be sufficient on their own. Pharmaceutical medications play an essential role in controlling pain and improving quality of life, particularly in moderate to severe canine osteoarthritis. These are typically introduced when:
- Mobility continues to decline despite weight loss and rehab
- Pain is interfering with sleep, behaviour or daily function
- There are clinical signs of joint inflammation and discomfort
Medications commonly used for dogs with joint pain include:
- NSAIDs (e.g., meloxicam, carprofen): First-line anti-inflammatory agents with proven efficacy; require monitoring.
- Paracetamol: May be used safely under veterinary guidance, often in conjunction with other agents.
- Gabapentin: Targets neuropathic pain and may benefit dogs with chronic or nerve-related discomfort.
- Low-dose ketamine: Used occasionally in-clinic to help reset chronic pain pathways.
A Note on Beransa (Bedinvetmab)
Beransa is a monoclonal antibody targeting nerve growth factor (NGF), administered as a monthly injection. It represents a novel class of pain relief for dogs with canine osteoarthritis that have not responded well to other treatments.
However, despite some promising early results, many veterinarians, including the author, regard Beransa as a last-resort option. A 2024 publication raised concerns about inconsistent efficacy and a range of potential side effects, including not just gastrointestinal upset, but also increased anxiety, behavioural changes, and rare neurological signs (Farrell, M. et al, 2025). These risks highlight the importance of careful case selection and close monitoring when using this drug.
Conclusion: A Modern, Individualised Approach
Arthritis is a complex, progressive condition, but modern veterinary care offers a wide array of supportive strategies. From weight optimisation and fresh nutrition to rehabilitative therapies and pharmaceutical support, a tailored plan can dramatically improve comfort and quality of life.
With a proactive, multimodal approach, grounded in evidence and guided by your veterinary team, your dog can enjoy an active, engaged life, even with a diagnosis of arthritis.
Always consult your veterinarian before introducing new supplements or medications or making changes to your pet’s treatment plan.
About the Author - Dr. Nicole Rous
Dr. Nicole Rous completed her degree with Honours from the University of Sydney in 2008. She initially worked in the UK before returning to small animal practice in Melbourne, Australia. Dr. Nicole has a keen interest in animal reproduction and has been granted Membership with the Australian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists in this specialty. She is also passionate about complementary therapies such as massage and enjoys discussing ways to enhance pets' overall well-being and quality of life.
In August 2021, Dr. Nicole joined the Mont Albert Veterinary Surgery team as a director and continues to provide exceptional care to her patients. She is dedicated to utilising her knowledge and experience to assist pets in living longer, healthier, and happier lives.
Dr. Nicole's commitment to providing natural and holistic health practices for pets inspired her to establish Shy Tiger, a company that offers natural pet products made from premium ingredients sourced primarily from Australian farms and producers. Her expertise in natural health practices and dedication to providing excellent care to her patients make her a reliable partner for pet owners in Melbourne and beyond.
References
Marshall, W. G., Hazewinkel, H. A. W., Mullen, D., De Meyer, G., Baert, K., & Carmichael, S. (2010). The effect of weight loss on lameness in obese dogs with osteoarthritis. Veterinary Research Communications, 34(3), 241–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-010-9348-7
Kampa, N., Kaenkangploo, D., Jitpean, S., Srithunyarat, T., Seesupa, S., Hoisang, S., Yongvanit, K., Kamlangchai, P., Tuchpramuk, P., & Lascelles, B. D. X. (2024). Evaluation of the comparative efficacy of green lipped mussel plus krill oil extracts (EAB-277), Biota orientalis extracts or NSAIDs for the treatment of dogs with osteoarthritis associated pain: a blinded, placebo-controlled study. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1464549
Lang-Illievich, K., Klivinyi, C., Lasser, C., Brenna, C. T. A., Szilagyi, I. S., & Bornemann-Cimenti, H. (2023). Palmitoylethanolamide in the treatment of chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials. Nutrients, 15(6), 1350. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061350
Barbeau-Grégoire, M., Otis, C., Cournoyer, A., Moreau, M., Lussier, B., & Troncy, E. (2022). A systematic review and meta-analysis of enriched therapeutic diets and nutraceuticals in canine and feline osteoarthritis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(18), 10384. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810384
Farrell, M., Waibel, F. W. A., Carrera, I., Spattini, G., Clark, L., Adams, R. J., Von Pfeil, D. J. F., De Sousa, R. J. R., Bobis Villagrà, D., Amengual-Vila, M., Paviotti, A., Quinn, R., Harper, J., Clarke, S. P., Jordan, C. J., Hamilton, M., Moores, A. P., & Greene, M. I. (2025). Musculoskeletal adverse events in dogs receiving bedinvetmab (Librela). Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1581490
